Notes

• 1.  1863 Report of the Regents of the University of the State of Wisconsin, 36.
• 2.  University Press, November 2, 1874.
• 3.  1876 Report of the Regents of the University of the State of Wisconsin, 36.
• 4.  1877 Report of the Regents of the University of the State of Wisconsin, 45.
• 5.  Ibid., 45.
• 6.  Ibid., 37.
• 7.  Curti, Merle and Vernon Carstensen, The University of Wisconsin: A History, Volume 1 (1848-1925) (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1949), 388.
• 8.  1886 Report of the Regents of the University of the State of Wisconsin, 55.
• 9.  Ibid., 572.
• 10.  Abbie S. Mayhew, Daily Cardinal, December 22, 1902.
• 11.  Physical Education and Dance Department records, University of Wisconsin-Madison archives, 82-50 Box 9.
• 12.  Ibid.
• 13.  Ibid.
• 14.  The Badger 1923, Volume XXXVII, 221.
• 15.  Blanche Trilling, History of Physical Education for Women at the University of Wisconsin, 1889-1915. Unpublished, in University of Wisconsin-Madison archives.
• 16.  The Badger 1928, Volume XLII, 566.
• 17.  1913 WAA booklet, quoted in Blanche M. Trilling, History of Physical Education for Women at the University of Wisconsin, 1898-1946. 1951, unpublished, in University of Wisconsin-Madison archives.
• 18.  Mary Channing Coleman, quoted in Henrietta Kessenich, "Blanche M. Trilling--A Leader," The Wisconsin Alumnus, Nov. 1937, 9.
• 19.  Trilling, History 1889-1915, 16.
• 20.  1902-04 Report of the Regents of the University of the State of Wisconsin, 40.
• 21.  Trilling, History 1898-1946, 23.
• 22.  Shelley Smith, "Basketball: Not quite the Game Intended" in Nike is a Goddess: The History of Women in Sports, ed. Lissa Smith (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1998), 295.
• 23.  Although Badger yearbooks throughout the 1910s and 1920s refer to varsity teams, they were different from varsity athletics of today. Limitations placed on competition rendered varsity sports an impossibility, and placement on such a team was honorary. According to Physical Education and Dance department records, varsity basketball teams were chosen at the end of the season, presumably based upon performance, and played only one game, against the alumni squad.
• 24.  Katherine Saunders, The Governance of Intercollegiate Athletics (Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin, 1977), 23.
• 25.  "Athletics Blamed for Nervous Ills," New York Sun. October 5, 1927.
• 26.  1897-98 Report of the Regents of the University of the State of Wisconsin, 66.
• 27.  Ibid., 2.
• 28.  Ibid., 10.
• 29.  Blanche Trilling, letter to L. M. Fort (Mitchell, South Dakota) December 5, 1926.
• 30.  Blanche Trilling, letter to John R. Tunis (Rowayton, Connecticut) January 1930.
• 31.  Ibid.
• 32.  Oddly enough, acceptable match-ups often closely resembled intercollegiate play, attendant with the high emotions and desire to win that were so terrifying to educators. In basketball, for instance, several teams and squads were assembled from each class, from which "first" and "second" teams were selected. A series of interclass games culminated in a tournament, a fiercely competitive event dubbed the "Goat Game." Around 1913, the freshman class brought a live baby goat to the championship game to taunt their opponents. The goat re-emerged several years later, in the form of a stuffed likeness, along with a sign that read, "If you win the game you will get our goat." Though the junior class won the coveted goat, it was stolen before the next year's game, setting off an intense and constantly escalating game of steal, hide and seek. Trilling describes "day long rides with the goat in taxi-cabs when pursuers were hot on the trail; scrambles and hair pulling matches when no holds were barred." Trilling, History of Physical Education for Women at the University of Wisconsin, 1898-1946, 124. The rivalry became so fierce that faculty officially limited the antics to Lathrop Hall, but their attempts to intervene were ignored. The tradition lasted at least 33 years.
• 33.  Cronon, E. David and John W. Jenkins, The University of Wisconsin: A History, Volume III (1925-1945) (Madison, WI: University of Wisconsin Press, 1994), 657.
• 34.  Margaret A. Sherwin, "Physical Education for Badger Women," The Wisconsin Alumni Magazine,December 1928, 80.
• 35.  Trilling, History 1898-1946, 110.
• 36.  Physical Education and Dance Department records, University of Wisconsin-Madison archives, 82/50 Box 11.
• 37.  "Restful Slumber for Gym Credit," Daily Cardinal.March 17, 1911.
• 38.  Trilling, History 1889-1915, 10.
• 39.  Physical Education and Dance Department records, University of Wisconsin-Madison archives, 82/50 Box 9.
• 40.  Trilling, History 1898-1946, 96.
• 41.  Ibid., 97.
• 42.  Ibid., 98.
• 43.  Ibid.
• 44.  Mabel Lee, A History of Physical Education and Sports in the U.S.A. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1983), 116.
• 45.  Ibid.
• 46.  1938 Badger, p. 188.
• 47.  Saunders, 10.
• 48.  Ibid., 53.
• 49.  Ibid., 58.